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Wadsworth Center, Department of Health, New York StateD Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health
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Virus Laboratory (VL)

Clinical Virology Program

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Contact Information

Lab Director: Kirsten St. George, MAppSc, PhD
Associate Director: Meghan Fuschino, MS
Telephone: (518) 474-4177

Publications and Conference Presentations:

Recent Publications

  • Albariño C, Palacios G, Khristova ML, Erickson BR, Carroll SA, Comer JA, Hui J, Briese T, St. George K, Ksiazek TG, Lipkin WI,and Nichol ST.(2010):   High diversity and ancient common ancestry of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.  EID 16: 1093-1100.
  • St. George K, Fuschino ME, Mokhiber K, Triner W, Spivack SD (2010): Exhaled Breath Condensate Appears to be an Unsuitable Specimen Type for Detection of Influenza Viruses with Nucleic Acid-Based Methods. J Virol Meth. 163: 144-146.
  • Ghedin E, Wentworth D, Halpin RA, Lin X, Bera J, DePasse J, Fitch A, Griesemer S, Hine E, Katzel DA, Overton L, Proudfoot K, Sitz J, Sczcypinski B, St. George K, Spiro DJ, Holmes EC(2010): Unseasonal Transmission of H3N2 Influenza A Virus During the Swine-Origin H1N1 Pandemic. J Virol 84: 5715-5718.
  • Kajon AE, Lu X, Erdman DD, Louie J, Schnurr D, St. George K, Koopmans MP, Allibhai T, and Metzgar D (2010): Molecular Epidemiology and Brief History of Emerging Adenovirus 14-Associated Respiratory Disease in the United States. JID 202: 93-103.
  • Khiabanian H, Farrell GM, St. George K, Rabadan R (2009): Differences in Patient Age Distribution between Influenza A Subtypes. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6832.
  • Zhou B, Donnelly ME, Scholes DT, St.George K, Hatta M, Kawaoka Y, and Wentworth DE (2009): Single Reaction Genomic Amplification Accelerates Sequencing and Vaccine Production for Classical and Swine Origin Human Influenza A Viruses. J Virol 83(19):10309-13.
  • Nelson M, Spiro D, Wentworth D, Fan J, Beck E, St. George K, Ghedin E, Halpin R, Bera J, Hine E, Proudfoot K, Stockwell T, Lin X, Griesemer S, Bose M, Jurgens L, Kumar S, Viboud C, Holmes E, Henrickson K (2009): The early diversification of influenza A/H1N1pdm. PLoS Currents Influenza. 2009 Nov 9:RRN1126.
  • Ghedin E, Fitch A, Boyne A, Griesemer S, DePasse J, Bera J, Zhang X, Halpin RA, Smit M, Jennings L, St. George K, Holmes EC, Spiro DJ: Mixed infection and the genesis of influenza diversity. J. Virol. 2009, 83:8832-41.
  • Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, Shu B, Lindstrom S, Balish AB, Sessions WM, Xu X, Skepner E, Deyde V, Okomo-Adhiambo M, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Smith CB, Emery S, Hillman MJ, Rivailler P, Smagala J, de Graaf M, Burke DF, Fouchier RA, Pappas C, Alpuche-Aranda CM, López-Gatell H, Olivera H, López, Myers CA, Faix D, Blair PJ, Yu C, Keene KM, Dotson PD Jr., Boxrud D, Sambol AR, Abid SH, St. George K, et al. Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of a Novel 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Virus Circulating in Humans. Science 2009, 325: 197-201.
  • Ginocchio C and St. George K: Likelihood that an unsubtypeable influenza A result in the Luminex xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel is indicative of novel A/H1N1 (swine-like) influenza. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47: 2347-8.
  • Laplante J, Marshall S, Shudt M, Reisdorf E, St. George K. Influenza Antiviral Resistance Testing in New York and Wisconsin, 2006-2008: Methodology and Surveillance Data. Journal of Clinical Microbiol 2009, 47:1372-8.
  • Dharan NJ, Gubareva LV, Meyer J, Okomo-Adhiambo M, McClinton R, Marshall S, St. George K, Epperson S, Brammer L, Oseltamivir-Resistance Working Group, Klimov AI, Bresee J, Fry AM: Infections with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) virus in the United States. JAMA. 2009, 301:1034-1041.
  • Nelson MI, Viboud C, Simonsen L, Bennett RT, Griesemer SB, St. George K, et al: Multiple reassortment events in the evolutionary history of H1N1 influenza A virus since 1918. PLoS Pathogens 2008 4(2) e1000012. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000012.
  • Sampath R, Russell KL, Massire C, Eshoo MW, Harpin V, Blyn LB, Melton R, Ivy C, Pennella T, Li F, Levene H, Hall TA, Libby B, Fan N, Walcott DJ, Ranken R, Pear M, Schink A, Drader J, Moore D, Metzgar D, Addington L, Rothman R, Gaydos CA, Yang S, St. George K, Fuschino M, Dean AB, Stallknecht D, Goekjian G, Yingst S, Monteville M, Saad MD, Whitehouse CA, Baldwin C, Rudnick KH, Hofstadler SA, Lemon SM, Ecker DJ: Rapid surveillance of the global spread of emerging influenza virus genotypes by mass spectrometry. PLoS ONE 2007, 2(5): e489. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000489.
  • Dare R, Sanghavi S, Bullotta A, Keightley M-C, St. George K, Wadowsky RM, Paterson D, McCurry KR, Reinhart TA, Husain S, Rinaldo CR: Detection of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in immunosuppressed lung transplant recipients and children evaluated for pertussis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2007, 45, 548-52.
  • Nelson MI, Simonsen L, Viboud C, Miller MA, Taylor J, St. George K, Griesemer SB, Ghedin E, Sengamalay NA, Spiro DJ, Volkov I, Grenfell BT, Lipman DJ, Taubenberger JK, Holmes EC: Stochastic processes are key determinants of short-term evolution in influenza A virus. PLoS Pathogens 2006, 2(12): e125. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat 0020125.
  • Keightley M-C, Bullotta A, Dauber J, Rinaldo C, St. George K: Clinical utility of CMV early and late transcript detection with NASBA in bronchoalveolar lavages. Journal of Clinical Virology 2006, 37, 258-264.
  • Lamson D, Renwick N, Kapoor V, Liu Z, Palacios G, Ju J, Dean A, St. George K, Briese T, Lipkin WI: MassTag PCR detection of respiratory pathogens, including a new rhinovirus genotype, causing influenza-like illness in New York State, 2004-2005. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006, 194, 1398-1402.

Book chapters:

  • Clarke L and St. George K (2007): Viruses and chlamydiae. In: Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd edition, Garcia L (ed) ASM Press, Washington DC.
  • St. George K, Hoji A and Rinaldo CR Jr. (2006): Cytomegalovirus. In B. Detrick, R.G. Hamilton and J. D. Folds (eds.). Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th edition. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., p. 648-657, 2006.

Conference Presentations

Invited presentations:

  • St. George K (2010): Sequencing tools to characterize influenza viruses. 2010 APHL Annual Meeting, June 6-9, Cincinnati, OH.
  • St. George K (2009): New York State’s Participation in the Influenza Whole Genomic Sequencing Project.  Influenza Dynamics and Evolutionary Analysis Workshop, June 24-26, Bethesda, MD.
  • Ostrowski S, Paz Carlos M, Zimmerman S, Oleszko W, Abid S, St. George K (2008): New York State Laboratory Response Network Laboratory Influenza Surge Drill. (Abstract #216) Public Health Preparedness Summit 2008, February 19-22, Atlanta, Georgia.
  • St. George K (2007): Highly virulent adenovirus 14: case study and outbreaks. General Bacteriology & Virology Symposium, September 27, Albany NY.
  • St. George K (2006): Laboratory Preparedness for Pandemic Influenza in New York State. 15th International Conference "AIDS, Cancer and Public Health". May 23, St. Petersburg, Russia.
  • St. George K (2006): Avian influenza. The University Symposia in Clinical Laboratory Science "Strange Encounters of the Microbe Kind - The Weird Bugs". October 25, University of Medicine and Dentistry, Scotch Plains, New Jersey.
  • St. George K (2006): Influenza diagnostics in the context of pandemic preparedness. 41st Annual Regional Meeting Eastern New York, Connecticut Valley, New York City, and Northeast Branches of the American Society for Microbiology, November 1 and 2, Albany, New York.
  • St.George K (2006): Pandemic Flu - Laboratory Issues. New York State Department of Health Speed Rounds. Feb. 9, Albany, NY.
  • St. George K (2006): Pandemic influenza: NYS laboratory response. NBC Public Health / Biodefense Advisory Council Meeting. March 9, New York, NY.
  • St. George K (2006): Influenza diagnosis and the NYS laboratory response plan for a pandemic. New York State Legislative Workshop. April 25, Albany, NY.

Proffered papers:

  • Hull R, Dupuis M, Wang H, Tavakoli N, Nattanmai S, St. George K (2010): Molecular detection of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in CSF from a 2009 fatal encephalitis case.  26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Holmberg R, Thakore N, Knickerbocker C, Sipes D, Griesemer SB, St. George K, Belgrader P, Chandler DP (2010): Akonni Trutip? Technology: rapid extraction of influenza virus from nasopharyngeal aspirate.  26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Faden H, Virology Laboratory Staff, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, St. George K, Laboratory of Viral Diseases Staff, Wadsworth Center (2010): A pseudo-outbreak of adenovirus in a neonatal intensive care unit. 26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Laplante J, Battaglioli G, St. George K (2010): Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance in 2009 influenza in New York State.  26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Lamson DM, Popowich M, Dean A, St. George K (2010):  Evaluation of the Qiagen QIAsymphony instrument for extraction of total nucleic acid from respiratory samples. 26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Nazarian E, Lamson DM, Musser K, Dean A, St. George K, Rosen B (2010): Clinical validation of a FAST multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of norovirus genogroup I and II with an internal inhibition and extraction control.  26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Lamson D, Ramani R, Rush-Wilson K, St. George K (2010): Human adenovirus typing by PCR and sequencing of the hexon gene on cultured isolates without extraction.  26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Popowich M and St. George K (2010): Development of a molecular proficiency testing program for influenza viruses including A/2009 H1N1. 26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Operario DJ, Moser M, St. George K (2010): Development of a highly sensitive and specific assay targeting the H274Y oseltamivir resistance mutation in seasonal H1N1 influenza. 26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Griesemer SB, Phenix-Lan Q, Palacios G, Street C, Dean A, Lipkin WI, St. George K (2010): Detection, typing and subtyping of influenza A virus, including pandemic (H1N1) 2009, from clinical respiratory specimens by Greenechipresp oligonucleotide microarray. 26th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Dharan NJ, Gubareva LV, Meyer JJ, Okomo-Adhiambo M, McClinton R, Marshall SA, St. George K, et al. (2009): Human infections with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) virus in the United States, 2007-2008. 58th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Conference (April 2009).
  • Fuschino ME, Lamson DM, Rush-Wilson K, Carbone LS, Taff ML, Hua Z, Landi K, St. George K (2009): Detection of Coxsackievirus A10 in Multiple Tissues of a Fatal Infant Sepsis Case. 25th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Lamson DM, Dean AB, Golova J, Chandler D, St. George K (2009): Detection of Six Viral Encephalitic Agents Using a Low-Density Array. 25th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Lamson DM, Rush-Wilson K, Wang H, Dean AB, St. George K (2009): Enterovirus Typing: Discrepencies Between IFA and Sequence Analysis. 25th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Popowich M, Bennett R, St. George K (2009): Development of a Pilot Proficiency Testing Program for Molecular Testing of Respiratory Viruses. 25th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Wang H, Nattanmai SM, Dupuis ML, Hull RC, Boromisa RD, Dean AB, Tavakoli NP, St. George K (2009): Development and Validation of a Duplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assay to Detect Cache Valley and California Serogroup Viruses in CSF. 25th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Cromeans T, Lu X, Rush-Wilson K, Mitchell R, Erdman D, St. George K (2009): An Unusual New Human Adenovirus from an Unusual Source. 25th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Al-Dabbagh M, Lamson DM, Dean AB, Lum A, St.George K, Brunstein J, Thomas E, Sauve LJ (2009): A Novel Rhinovirus (Rhinovirus C): Clinical Spectrum of Disease in Children. 25th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 19-22, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Davis T, Battaglioli G, Pinheiro J, Carlson A, Lamson DM, St. George K (2009): Investigation of Possible Etiological Link Between Parainfluenza-1 and Giant Cell Arteritis.  ACR/ARHP Scientific Meeting, Philadelphia, Oct 17-21, 2009.
  • Dupuis M, Hull R, Wang H, Nattanmai S, Curran M, Lamson D, Dzigua L, Glasheen B, Fusco H, St. George K, Tavakoli N.(2008): Evolution of the New York State viral encephalitis molecular detection program. 24th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 25-30, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Mingle L, Rush-Wilson K, St. George K (2008): Adenovirus detected in autopsies: New York State 2007. 24th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 25-30, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Laplante J, Marshall SA, Van T, Reisdorf ES, Shudt M, Warshauer DM, Shult PA, St. George K. (2008): Surveillance of antiviral resistant influenza from 2006-2008 by a network of U.S. state public health laboratories. 24th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 25-30, Daytona Beach, Florida.
  • Lamson DM, Dean AB, Han J, St. George K (2007): Clinical Validation of a Multiplex PCR for the Detection of 11 Respiratory Viruses in Respiratory Swabs. 23rd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 29-May 2, Clearwater Beach, Florida.
  • Griesemer SB, Ghedin G, Holmes EC, Spiro DJ, Sengamalay NA, St.George K (2007): Investigation of Host-Mediated Mutations in H3N2 Influenza Viruses in Embryonated Eggs, MDCK And pRhMK Cells. 23rd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Apr 29-May 2, Clearwater Beach, Florida.
  • Lamson DM, Dean AB­, St. George K (2007): Clinical validation of a molecular method for the simultaneous detection of 11 respiratory viruses causing influenza-like illness. Options for the Control of Influenza VI, June 17-23, Toronto, Canada.
  • Zhou B, Donnelly ME, Hinckley RA, Gerzak GV, St. George K, Wentworth DE (2007): Plasmid-based rescue of influenza A virus directly from swab specimens. American Society for Virology 26th Annual Meeting, July 14-18, Oregon State University (Abstract Number: 497, P30-17).
  • Schaffzin JK, Hoefer D, Hoyt L, Lurie M, Johnson G, Sackett D, Keithly J, Rosen B, Tavakoli N, St. George K, Wallace B (2006): A Large Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Recreational Water Feature - New York, 2005. 55th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Conference, April 24-28, 2006, Atlanta, GE.
  • Lamson DM, Kapoor V, Briese T, Palacios G, Liu Z, Dean AB­, St. George K, Lipkin WI (2006): Detection of Alternative Etiological Agents by Multiplex Mass Tag PCR in patients presenting with Influenza-like Illness. 22nd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Clearwater Beach, Florida.
  • Sanghavi S, Keightley MC, Kwak E, Bullotta A, Lewandowski K, Boes SS, Lassak M, St. George K, Rinaldo C (2006): Assessing Cytomegalovirus Load In Blood By Real Time PCR Targeting US17 And UL54 Regions Of The Viral Genome. 22nd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Clearwater Beach, Florida.
  • Karchava M, Fuschino M, Kinne J, Rush-Wilson K, St. George K (2006): Comparison Of R-Mix, R-Mix Too And Rhesus Monkey Kidney Cells For Detection Of Influenza Virus And Production Of Progeny Virus. 22nd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Clearwater Beach, Florida.
  • Battaglioli G, Clement N, Linden RM, St. George K (2006): High Prevalence Of Human Bocavirus In Pediatric Autopsy Respiratory Specimens. 22nd Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Clearwater Beach, Florida.